Introduction
Adult learning theory or andragogy was established in Europe on 1950s for behavioural change and experience (Merriam et al 1999) and was developed as a theory on 1970s by an American practitioner and adult education theorist Malcolm Shepherd Knowles who believed that pedagogy, art and science helps the adult in learning process and related with their social role. The term “andragogy” was coined by a German educator, Alexander Kapp in 1833 to develop learning strategies in adult.
Introduction
Trait Theory, also known as Dispositional Theory, is an approach to study human personality and behaviour. It is the measurement of steady patterns of habit in an individual’s behaviour, thoughts and emotions. Trait theorists focus on the measurement of ‘traits’, which lead to a better understanding of human personality. Over a period of time, traits become relativelystable, depending on the individual and his social and environmental surroundings, which influence behaviour.
Introduction
Critical Race Theory, derived from Critical Theory, is a study of the relation among race, racism and power. The movement is heavily influenced by the Civil Rights Movement in the US. It seeks to redefine the race-law-power nexus that has existed for centuries. It questions and critiques the concepts of liberalism and meritocracy, which the proponents claim, is a top-down view and mainly dominated by upper class white people.
